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Sword, inscribed with an imperial insignia

This is a sword with a curved, single-edged, watered-steel blade. It has a Talwar hilt with a knuckle-guard which has an intricate damascened floral pattern. The blade of the sword is inscribed with the imperial insignia – the chhatra or Umbrella, below which there is an inscription as well as another inscription enclosed within a cartouche. All of this has been masterfully rendered in golden koftgari (damascening) work. 

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This fine sword has a curved watered-steel blade that has been inlaid in gold with the royal umbrella mark and Arabic inscription inscriptions. All these features underline the valuable nature of the weapon. Watered-steel blades were welded with a distinct design of a seamless pattern of undulating ripples and waves - simulating the movement of water on the surface of the blade. Swords with watered-steel blades were distinguished for their superior quality. 
The inlaid umbrella mark of this workmanship announces an Imperial connection. The association of the Gold Chhatra (golden umbrella) with Kingship was conceived from a myriad of reasons by the Hindus, and this well-entrenched symbolism was readily adopted by the Mughals. Moreover, the golden umbrella was also used to indicate Mongol royalty, as can be noticed at times in Timurid paintings. Thus, this motif was absorbed by the Mughals to indicate Kingship and was used to demarcate the emperor’s personal swords and daggers. 
However, another tradition must be foregrounded here. To honour deserving individuals, the emperor would gift his personal belongings such as his robes and weapons - called the khil’at.  Such recognition was greatly valued, as the recipients were perceived as the symbolic extension of the emperor. And so, arms bearing the royal insignia could also belong to a recipient of this honour. In either sense, a genuine umbrella mark such as this possibly suggests an Imperial association – either the sword belonged to the emperor, or it was gifted by the emperor. 
 

  • Period:
    18th century
  • Source:
    National Museum
  • Dimensions:
    L = 90 cm
Period 18th century Category
Source National Museum
Dimensions L = 90 cm Material & Production Techniques